Terminology

Musical

Articulation

slur

legato (-)

finger legato

pedal legato

staccato (.)

marcato (^)

accent (>)

Volume

dynamics 

pianissimo (pp)

piano (p)

mezzo piano (mp)

mezzo forte (mf)

forte (f)

fortissimo (ff)

crescendo

Speed

tempo

largo

larghetto

adagio

andante

moderato

allegro

presto

prestissimo

rallantando

ritardando

accelerando

rubato

Notation

staff

great staff

key signature

time signature

note

bar

measure

phrase

rest

clef

treble clef

bass clef

tie

Software

ABC
MIDI
MusicXML
Finale
Lilypond
MuseScore
Synthesia
Humdrum
KeyKit
AutoHotKey

Harmony

Miscellaneous

octave

interval

chord

scale

major

minor

chromatic

key

polyphony

melody

harmony

pitch

note

motive (motif): a short musical idea or figure

syncopation

Piano-Centric

damper (sustaining) pedal

soft (una cord) pedal

sostenuto pedal

Anatomical (Human)

superior: toward the head (top)

inferior: toward the feet (bottom)

anterior: toward the front of the individual

posterior: toward the back

medial: the middle

lateral: to the individual's left (left-lateral) or right (right-lateral)

proximal: close to the central mass of the body

distal: far from the central mass of the body

volar: the underside (e.g., palmar, plantar)

palmar: the anterior off the hand

dorsal: the posterior (back) of the hand

distad: in the distal direction

-ad: suffix meaning toward or to

dorsal: (used infrequently) toward the back of the individual

ventral: (used infrequently) toward the front of the individual

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